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**1.7 Earth and Sun**

 * Terms**


 * Revolution: one complete trip by Earth around the Sun
 * Axis: an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through the center of the Eart
 * Rotation: the spinning motion of Earth on its axis
 * Tropic of Cancer: the northernmost line of latitude where the suns rays beat straight down. This line marks the northern limit of the tropic zone
 * Tropic of Capricorn: the southernmost line of latitude where the suns rays beat straight down. This line marks the southern limit of the tropic zone
 * Tropical Zones: the area between the equator and the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn, where the climate is generally hot
 * Arctic Circle: the line of latitude at 60 degrees 30' N that marks the boundary of the northern polar zone
 * Antarctic Circle: the line of latitude at 60 degrees 30' S that marks the boundary of the southern polar zone
 * Polar Zones: area between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole. Or between the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole, where the climate is generally cold
 * Temperate Zones: the area between Earth's tropical zones and polar zone, where the climate is relatively mild


 * The Moving Earth**

Earth makes one round trip around the sun that takes about 365 1/4 days, which equals a year on Earth. It spins on an imaginary line called an axis. When earth spins on its axis it makes a full rotation in 24 hours, which makes an earth day. Planet earth is in constant motion all the time. It moves about 67,000 miles per hour. Its what makes our years, months, and days. Its what helps to create our seasons.


 * Earth’s Tilt Helps Creates the Seasons**

Because of Earth’s tilted axis, the northern and southern hemispheres get different amounts of sunlight. For example when the northern hemisphere goes into summer, it gets more sunlight because the northern side of the earth is facing the sun. And during that time the southern hemisphere is facing away from the sun so that it goes into winter.


 * Tropics, Circle, and Zones**

There are two lines of latitude that mark the northernmost, and southernmost points on the earth where the sun beats straight down. The northern line is labeled The Tropic of Cancer, and the southern line is labeled The Tropic of Capricorn. The area between these lines and the equator are known as tropical zones. They receive more sunshine and are hot all year. Two more lines of latitude mark the farthest northern and southern points where the sun doesn’t shine at all. These lines are called the Arctic Circle, and the Antarctic Circle. The areas between these lines are polar zones. Polar zones get little direct sunlight and are mostly cold all year. Temperate zones are located between the tropical, and polar zones.


 * Section 1.8 Showing a Round World on a Flat Map**

You can see where the exact location of a place is on a map using latitude and longitude. You can also use a map scale, which will allow you to see how far two places are apart.


 * All Flat Maps Have Distortion**

To understand a distorted map geographers use map projections. Some examples of map projections are the Mercator projection, the Eckert projection, the Goodes Hemosline projection, and the Lambert projection. Even though map projections are really useful they all have pros and cons. The Mercator shows distance accurately but distorts the continents, the Lambert shows size accurately but not distance and shape, the Eckert shows size and place accurately but it distort the poles, and the Goodes map helps you to compare the continents sizes but it distorts the shape of the oceans.

1) What are the northern most and the southern most lines of latitude called? 2) How many rotations does it take to make a year? 3) What type of map projection
 * Questions**